In deep space, radiation from the Van Allen Belts, solar flare protons and galactic cosmic rays is a constant factor and must be accounted for in the design and manufacture of space vehicles and machinery.
Deep space vehicles, which are propelled by high power ion engines, operate at elevated temperatures under vacuum and radiation. In these engines, electrons collide with Xe atoms, ionizing them. Permanent magnets create an axial magnetic field that extends the electron paths and increases the probability of an ionizing collision. Having a consistent magnetic field is essential for ion performance in these vehicles.